War between Nations Mars and Venus Fictitious Nations - 1925 Words

War between Nations: Mars and Venus Fictitious Nations (Essay Sample) Content: War between Nations: Mars and Venus Fictitious Nations Author’s name Author’s affiliation Snail mail address Email address [Optional: draft date or version number] [Optional: Prepared for presentation at Conference Name, location, dates] The author wishes to acknowledge†¦. List anyone you need to thank for providing data, funding or research assistance here (librarians, etc.), as well as any peers or colleagues who read and provided feedback on the draft paper. This page is normally single-spaced and does not get a page number. Introduction War is described as armed conflict between states, nations, groups or even organizations. There are many reasons that could lead to a war, but most of the reasons are based on certain misunderstandings between the parties involved. Some of the most popular wars that have happened globally include the first and second world wars. Recently, there has been the war on terror in which the United States de clared against groups such as the al-Qaida and Taliban in the Arab world. Today, there is also a war on terror which is ongoing which is on terrorism against the Islamic state in the Middle East especially in Iraq and Syria. There are also other wars which are ongoing across the world in different parts of the world (Al Jazeera, 2015). Nations are provoked to go to war in most cases when there is a breach in the agreements between them and more importantly when there is a threat to the sovereignty of these nations. In this paper, an analysis is conducted on two fictitious states Venus and Mars and their interaction for a period of twenty years to determine the possibility of these countries going to war. Possibility of Venus and Mars going to war Mars and Venus are neighboring countries but they have had some confrontations on a number of times. In most cases, the wars have been triggered by a show of might by Venus which has a larger army and which has been militarized in a bett er way than Mars. Additionally, Venus is a more democratic country as compared to Mars, and, therefore, some of the crashes are based on the very foundation of lack of commitment by Mars to respect the sovereignty of Venus (Daase 2006:74). A peninsular that is owned by Mars has great military advantage for Mars and hence Venus sees that peninsular as a threat to its security. Additionally, the peninsular also contains minerals and oil. Although the amounts of minerals and oil are insignificant in terms of economical benefits, Venus can still benefit from them. The two countries share a large border which is more than 200 miles suggesting that there are many illegal entry points in which people from the two countries can enter. Since Venus is more democratic, it can deal with some of the illegal trades which happen between the porous borders but the same cannot be said for Mars. It is common sense that Mars being an autocratic nation will turn a blind eye for trades and smuggling exe rcises which happen through those borders and, that is a sure provocation into war. Another reason why the two countries are likely to go to war follows the fact that these countries have a history of war, and in most cases, the countries size each other up and flex their military might against each other (Fearon 1995:379). Wars in many cases happen because of revenge and for show of power and glorification of that power. Both Venus and Mars have initiated the series of ten wars that have already happened simply to show force or to use force against each other with leaders from both countries citing obscure reasons for the war. Venus is said to have a nuclear weapon site although its leaders vehemently deny the existence of such a site. However, it cannot be overruled simply because the leaders claim they do not have the weapons. Mars would feel threatened by presence of such weapons in the hands of an enemy they engage in war. It would thus be a move for Mars to start a war aimed at destruction of the nuclear weapons site to ensure that when the two countries go into war or any confrontations, the weapons cannot be used against them. Mars does not have any military pacts and agreements with any nations, but by suggesting the possession of such weapons for Venus and showing how much of a threat the weapons are for countries in that region, Mars can have other states globally showing concern and even helping it in destroying those weapons. Unfortunately, Venus has signed many pacts with its neighboring countries and other collective defense pacts with more than twenty countries including ententes. The fact that Venus has joined these pacts makes it both strong and vulnerable. First, the pacts prevent member nations from engaging into a war with other countries for any dispute without exhausting other channels to solve the conflict (Ashley, 2014:30). Additionally, there must be enough reason for any war to be fought by a member country. This means that there is a chain of command to be followed before Venus can engage into a war with Mars. Unfortunately, Mars does not have such pacts, and as a standalone country, starting a war does not require so much red tape. As long as the commander in chief wants a war, the war happens. Mars could take advantage of the vulnerability of Venus caused by such pacts to go to war. Unfortunately, the pacts could also help Venus by logistics, weaponry and other instruments of war. Mars is seen to be a nation whose leadership is not stable and does not perform well according to survey conducted on its citizens. There is thus a great possibility that with its autocratic rule and underperformance, many of its citizens either come to work or stay in Venus as illegal immigrants or as political refugees (Jackson Mars would go to lengths to retake it leading to a series of wars until the situation is resolved (Walter, 2014). The GDP Venus has grown quite well meaning that lifestyles of people in Venus is better and hence there is potential for an influx of individuals from Mars to come and live in Venus or even to trade illegally from Venus as a way of dealing with the economic hard times in Mars (Gutmann, 2014). Such actions pose a threat to the nation and an imminent reason for war. Sometimes, war is the only war that a country can get justice for its people and respect within the region. There are obviously no diplomatic ties between Mars and Venus. If there was a diplomatic relationship, the two countries would not have gone to war with each other so many times as they would have taken diplomacy in dealing with the menace. In lieu of this, it is possible that the two countries have cross border relationships that are not healthy and perhaps either nation feels that its people are violated by the administration of the other country and that could lead to a war. For instance, if there are Venusians arrested by Mars working illegally through the porous borders could be jailed in Mars. Nor mally, countries that have diplomacy have criminals w...

History of Scuba Diving and Pioneer Jacques Cousteau

Modern scuba diving gear consists of one or more gas tanks strapped to the divers back, connected to an air hose and an invention called the demand regulator. The demand regulator controls the flow of air so that the air pressure within the divers lungs equals the pressure of the water. Early Diving Gear Ancient swimmers used cut hollow reeds to breathe air, the first rudimentary snorkel used to enhance our abilities underwater. Around 1300, Persian divers were making rudimentary eye goggles from the thinly sliced and polished shells of tortoises. By the 16th century, wooden barrels were used as primitive diving bells, and for the first time divers could travel underwater with more than one breath of air, but not much more than one. More Than One Breath In 1771, British engineer, John Smeaton invented the air pump. A hose was connected between the air pump and the diving barrel, allowing air to be pumped to the diver. In 1772, Frenchmen, Sieur Freminet invented a rebreathing device that recycled the exhaled air from inside of the barrel, this was the first self-contained air device. Freminets invention was a poor one, the inventor died from lack of oxygen after being in his own device for twenty minutes. In 1825, English inventor, William James designed another self-contained breather, a cylindrical iron belt attached to a copper helmet. The belt held about 450 psi of air, enough for a seven-minute dive. In 1876, Englishmen, Henry Fleuss invented a closed circuit, oxygen rebreather. His invention was originally intended to be used in the repair of an iron door of a flooded ships chamber. Fleuss then decided to use his invention for a thirty-foot deep dive underwater. He died from the pure oxygen, which is toxic to humans under pressure. Rigid Diving Suits In 1873, Benoà ®t Rouquayrol and Auguste Denayrouze built a new piece of equipment a rigid diving suit with a safer air supply, however it weighed about 200 pounds. Houdini Suit - 1921 Famous magician and escape artist, Harry Houdini (born Ehrich Weiss in Budapest, Hungary in 1874) was also an inventor. Harry Houdini astonished audiences by escaping from handcuffs, straitjackets, and locked boxes, often doing so underwater. Houdinis invention for a divers suit permitted divers, in case of danger, to quickly divest themselves of the suit while submerged and to safely escape and reach the surface of the water. Jacques Cousteau Emile Gagnan Emile Gagnan and Jacques Cousteau co-invented the modern demand regulator and an improved autonomous diving suit. In 1942, the team redesigned a car regulator and invented a demand regulator that would automatically fresh air when a diver breathed. A year later in 1943, Cousteau and Gagnan began selling the Aqua-Lung.

Piaget s Stages Of Development - 1888 Words

For centuries, child psychology has attempted to explain how children cultivate the ability to think- or their cognitive development. It wasn’t until Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist and researcher, stepped into the scene that headway was achieved. Considered a true trailblazer for the field of study, Piaget spent over six decades observing and studying children. He understood that children didn’t think in the way adults do and spent countless hours with children- some hardly able to talk. The result? He developed a multiple stage theory to essentially categorize cognitive growth in a child from birth to adolescence. Amazingly, to this day, Piaget’s theory is still highly regarded in the field of psychology and child studies. The first of Piaget’s stages of development is the Sensorimotor stage. This stage lasts from birth to approximately 2 years old. â€Å"the child uses his senses and emerging motor skills to explore the environment. Verbal interaction, an object-rich setting and the freedom to explore are of paramount importance at this time† (Webb, p.94). In addition, the child develops object permanence – â€Å"The knowledge that an object exists even when it’s not in sight† (lecture**). For example, this is why children at this stage enjoy the classic game of peek-a-boo. _____ In addition to object permanence, Piaget structured the sensorimotor stage into multiple sub-stages. Simple reflexes - This occurs from birth through the first month. A babyShow MoreRelatedPiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development1385 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract In this paper, Piaget’s Stages of cognitive development will be briefly explained, and I will explain where my cousin, Laura, is according to these stages. The real names of people discussed in this paper have been protected by not using their real names, so their personal information is confidential. My fifteen year old cousin Laura has been through many changes, and I have watched the rapid transformation in her personality, attitude, and way of thinking all in the past few years. Read MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development1072 Words   |  5 Pagespsychology concepts including Piaget’s stages of cognitive development, psychoactive drugs, and dreams. The first concept that I can relate to is Piaget’s stages of cognitive development. Jean Piaget came up with this concept about how a child’s brain develops throughout their life. There are four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The two stages I can specifically relate to are the sensorimotor and preoperational stages. I have a three year old cousin whoRead MoreThe Stages Of Piaget s Development Theory1500 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerned with the Concrete Operational Stage of Piaget’s development theory, which he described as â€Å"a major turning point in a child’s cognitive development as it is the beginning of logical thought processes† (Piaget, 1954). This typically occurs between seven and eleven years of age. It will describe the developmental tests used to evidence development and evaluate the strengths and weakness of the theory in relation to the stage and tests used. During this stage, children develop and are able to useRead MorePiaget s Theory Of The Stages Of Development Essay955 Words   |  4 Pagestheory, he describes that during the pre-operational stage of development children are often incapable of understanding the concept of conservation, the ages in this stage generally range from 2-6 years old (Siegler Alibali, 2005). It isn’t until the concrete operational stage that children have the ability to understand conservation. During this stage children range from the ages of 7- 12 years old. In order to observe the changes in between stages, I chose to administer Piaget’s conservation of solidRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development930 Words   |  4 PagesThe Cognitive Development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive development according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. Based on Educatio n.com: Stages of Cognitive Development (Driscoll/Nagel ,2008), these stages are from infant to teenage years with specific abilities. The first stage of Piaget’s stages of development is called Sensorimotor, which starts at birth to two yearsRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development885 Words   |  4 PagesPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development Jean Piaget was born on August 8th, 1896 in Switzerland. He was a very bright student, who had his PhD by the age of twenty-two. Piaget studied child psychology and concrete operations which lead to his theory of the four stages of cognitive development. These stages are still used now in preschool and elementary grade set-ups. The first stage in his theory is the sensorimotor stage which last roughly from birth to about two years of age. This stage actuallyRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Essay1495 Words   |  6 PagesJean Piaget developed a cognitive approach to studying and classifying behavioral growth in stages. He believed that each child matured and learned at a different rate, so even though children mature in the same cognitive sequence, there might be separation in the achievement of each level from one child to the next (Swartwood, 2012, p. 46). Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development are Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, and Formal Operational (Swartwood, 2012, p. 49). PiagetRead MorePiaget s Stages Of Cognitive Development Theory900 Words   |  4 PagesThe cognitive development theory refers to the ability to learn through thinking and reasoning. Theorist Jean Piaget developed the stages of cognitive developmental according to age and how individuals learn through their environment and senses. These stages are from infant to teenage years. The first stage of Piaget’s Stages of Development is called Sensorimotor, which are ages 0-2. It describes how babies learn through their environment. The Next stages is preoperational for ages two through sevenRead MorePiaget s Three Stage Of Moral Development1274 Words   |  6 PagesPiaget believes in three stage of moral development. The premoral stage that begins before the age six, morality of constraint that happens between the ages of six to ten, and the morality of cooperation stage that occurs after the age ten. The premoral stage is when the child exhibits little to no concern for rules. They do not understand the concept of rules and how they are applied to everyone. At this age, children are too selfish to take others wants and needs into account and they act to maximizeRead MorePiaget s Four Stages Of Cognitive Development1600 Words   |  7 Pagesbecause physical changes is easily noticed compared to cognitive development. The cognitive theory or development emphasizes on human thought processes. Developmental psychologist, Jean Piaget stated that children go through four stages of cognitive development as they create their meaning of the world. Early on in psychology it has been referred to as Piaget’s Four Stages of Cognitive Development. Lev Vygotsky, was another development list who developed the Vygotsky’s theory which focused on social

Marketing Management Interrelation between Segmentation

Question: Discuss about the Marketing Management for Interrelation between Segmentation. Answer: The aim of this present essay is to identify the interrelation between segmentation, positioning and targeting (STP) which is three most essential segments of a fruitful marketing mix. Companies require building a well-organized marketing plan when the particular organization is going to launch a new business venture or to launch a new brand. In the time of launching a new brand, a business enterprise initially needs to identify a particular target market which after that followed by the process of the marketing mix. To obtain a clear understanding regarding the subject matter of marketing mix and its correlation with STP, the essay has discussed strategies of the marketing mix of Johnson Johnson and Sanitarium-Weet-Bix in the case of launching two new brands in the market. Before understanding how the two mentioned business organizations have become successful in marketing by using the concepts of the marketing mix and STP in particular, it is necessary to understand that marketing is essential for managing a firm customer relationship with the customer. Additionally, marketing helps a company to deliver values to the consumers that support to acquire benefits for the organization (Alon and Eugene 2012). The process of the marketing mix of a company could not become successful if the company stays ignorant about the other interrelated aspects of marketing which are market segmentation, positioning, and targeting (Hassan and Craft 2012). With the help of market segmentation, a company identifies other groups or organizations with similar service attributes by segmenting the entire trade market. On the other hand, without targeting a proper group of audience, a company could not decide appropriate price or quality of the product (Kotler et al. 2015). Most importantly, positioning strategy is necessary when the enterprise goes to design an effective offering method to establish a distinct position among the target market (Sharma and Lambert 2013). Hence, the entire STP process is a mandatory criterion to choose a particular product, set an apt price for the product and after that to make a suitable promotion catches the eyes of the targeted audience (Smh.com.au 2016). Alongside, marketing mix supports an organization to stay entirely concentrated upon the intended audience and establishes an individual brand image that can be differentiated from other rival enterprises (Huang and Sarigll 2014). Most importantly, a proper marketing mix enhances the volume of credibility for a company. Johnson Johnson (JJ) is among one of those companies which are known for both its unique quality of products and services and exclusive and variety range of services. From baby products to skin care to women hygiene, the enterprise has caught billions of audience from every horizon of the world. Specifically, JJ is a familiar name for most of the household across countries for its unique and quality products in the brand of baby and child care. The organization has done a line extension in this particular brand by frequently launching cream, soaps, lotion and power in different fragrances and colors. Furthermore, the company prefers to do corporate branding as part of their marketing strategy. Specifically, JJ has earned immense popularity with their Johnson's baby powder and their success over this individual product is indicative of the fact that the enterprise has tactfully made a balance between their strategies for STP and marketing mix (Hassan and Craft 2012). For instance, JJ has promptly used the concept of targeting which has helped them to find an enormous scope in targeting newborn babies and the newly become mothers. The company's aim regarding their targeting strategy has been to launch a product which can be affordable for the parents staying above the poverty line. JJ mainly has chosen the demographic segmentation and concentrated on to target mothers between the age group of 24 to 32 as newly become parents of this age group are considered to have the best interest to take proper care of their child's health (Jnj.com.au 2016). Similarly, with the help of using positioning concepts, the company uses eye catchy positioning statements that make the way easy to reach the desired revenue scale. JJs positioning statements are popular among the audience as most of the quotes are made considering aspects of emotional bonding. Considering the characteristic of the target market, JJ's baby powder possesses some excellent features such as i t helps to make smooth skin, prevents any rash forming germs and comes in an attractive cylindrical package. On the other hand, the organization prefers to distribute their products in retail and supermarket stores like Walmart, Target, Vons and Eversave offers special discount coupon and gift packs and campaigns like Nursings Future as part of promotional activities. Keeping in mind about the fundamental purpose of the company regarding the product, JJ has set an affordable price which has supported the company to make a good bond with the customers along with to earn huge revenue (Jnj.com.au 2016). In the year 2011, the enterprise acquired near about 65 billion dollars and the company believes they could not have received such an amount without the use of the concept of STP and marketing mix. Unfortunately, instead of having successful marketing and customer satisfaction, the company has been blamed for their talcum powder. The report says that use of Johnson's talcum powder is linked with the death of Jacqueline Fox as the Fox family claimed that Jacqueline used the talcum powder of JJ that ultimately proved wrong for her ovarian cancer. The company has been obligated to pay near about 100 million dollars after the Missouri Jury found that Johnson's powder holds components those produce punitive damage (Wang 2016). Sanitarium-Weet-Bix is another business enterprise that has been considered as one of the familiar names for providing healthy breakfast cereals in Australia. The company has aptly used to concepts of the marketing mix and STP to serve the purpose to provide nutritious and quality breakfast cereals at an affordable price. Most importantly, the company uses these concepts of marketing to meet with their strategic priorities such as to deliver ultimate value to the shareholders and holding the accountability to practice responsible citizenship. Most importantly, Sanitarium uses the concepts of marketing mix along with STP to promote an improved and unique cereal of Weet-Bix in the market. The company's attempt to extend their numerous customer groups from typical health concerned people to ordinary citizens (Loao Barroca 2013). Specifically, Sanitarium's current purpose regarding marketing plan is to reduce the gap between market shares and win over the rival brand Kellogs. Using the concept of STP, Sanitarium has segmented the market into heath conscious, energy conscious, body conscious and sweet lovers. Each section has been created considering demographic, psychographic and behavioral attributes of the concept of segmentation. According to the segmentation style, the company specifically targets the active boys and the adults who are concerned with health, career, and figure. However, in comparison with the segmentation and targeting strategy, the organization's positioning strategy is not worth accomplishing as they are less tasty in taste. Nevertheless, the positioning strategy helped the enterprise in gaining praise for providing cereals which have maximum nutritional benefits. Following the STP strategy, Sanitarium has introduced a luxurious packaging with the facility of zipping log to attract the adult audience. On the other hand, the organization has inserted omega 3 with the help of microencapsulation process and has set 20% lower price than the range of traditional package to gain significant market share (Mitchell 2015). Fortunately, the enterprises plan to distribute near about 65% of the newly launched product to the supermarkets and 20% and 10% to the retail convenience and independent food departments respectively have worked in favor. As Sanitarium focuses on to provide nutritional attributes rather than concentrating on taste, the enterprise has preferred to promote the awareness among the audience initially. Promotion through convincing and raising awareness among the public has accompanied other marketing strategies successfully. However, according to the code of practice that is formed to claim nutrients have allowed only 1.5g of fiber for each serve which made it difficult for companies like Sanitarium as the products of the company contains high fiber. Products of this company still run on 4g fiber on each serve. Therefore Sanitarium needs to change the elements before the deadline of 2016 (CHOICE 2016). Nevertheless, with the help of marketing mix, the enterprise successfully attracted cu stomers across Australia as they recently praised as the largest player in UKs cereal market. From the entire article, it is understandable that segmentation, positioning, and marketing play key roles in forming marketing mix for a company. As per the essay, Johnson and Johnson and Sanitarium-Weet-Bix are two those well-known companies those have earned enormous popularity in the market with the help of using concepts of the marketing mix and STP. JJ for instance, have gained success in selling Johnson's baby powder by targeting infants and mothers and setting a price affordable for everyone. On the other hand, Sanitarium has acquired appraisal for selling highly nutritional breakfast meals for the active boys and health and energy conscious adults. However, JJ has to pay more than 100 million dollars to a family as the company has been accused of the death of a lady who has used their talcum powder for hygiene purpose. Sanitarium on the other side has the threat to lose revenue scale if they do not minimize the fiber component from the cereals. References Alon, I. and Eugene, J., 2012.Global marketing. Mcgraw Hill Higher Educat. Brooks, N. and Simkin, L., 2012. Judging marketing mix effectiveness.Marketing Intelligence Planning,30(5), pp.494-514. CHOICE. (2016).Liquid breakfasts - food and drink - CHOICE. [online] Available at: https://www.choice.com.au/food-and-drink/drinks/juices-and-smoothies/articles/liquid-breakfasts [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Hassan, S.S. and Craft, S., 2012. Examining world market segmentation and brand positioning strategies.Journal of Consumer marketing,29(5), pp.344-356. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Jnj.com.au. (2016).Johnson Johnson - Health Care Products Pharmaceuticals. [online] Available at: https://www.jnj.com.au [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Kotler, P., Burton, S., Deans, K., Brown, L. and Armstrong, G., 2015.Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Loao Barroca, M., 2013. 9 Breakfast Cereals.Engineering Aspects of Cereal and Cereal-Based Products, p.201. Mitchell, S. (2015).Weet-Bix takes on Weetabix: UK to get fed an Aussie-style breakfast. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/business/weetbix-takes-on-weetabix-uk-to-get-fed-an-aussiestyle-breakfast-20150129-131cqm.html [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Sharma, A. and Lambert, D.M., 2013. Segmentation of markets based on customer service.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management. Smh.com.au. (2016).Brand Discover : The role and value of content in the marketing mix. [online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/brand-discover/outbrain/value-of-content/#.V9J4Mk197IW [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016]. Wang, Y. (2016).Johnson Johnson ordered to pay more than $100 million in suit linking talcum powder to ovarian cancer. [online] The Sydney Morning Herald. Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/world/johnson--johnson-ordered-to-pay-more-than-100-million-in-suit-linking-talcum-powder-to-ovarian-cancer-20160224-gn2vrx.html [Accessed 9 Sep. 2016].